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When piles are spaced at closer intervals, the soil contained between the pile move downward with the piles and at failure, pile and soil move together to give a typical block failure. Normally this type of failure occurs when the piles are spaced less than 2 to 3 times the pile diameter. For wide spacing pile in the group fails individually. In the absence of negative skin friction, the group capacity in clay is usually governed by the sum of the single pile capacities with some reduction due to overlapping zones of shear deformation in the surrounding soil. The following are design recommendations for estimating group capacity in clay: ·          For pile groups driven in clays with undrained shear strengths of less than 2,000 psf and for spacings of three times the average pile diameter, the group efficiency can be taken to be equal to seventy percent (70%). If the spacing is greater than six times the average pile diameter, then a ...

Pile Load Test Pile load test is the most acceptable method to determine the load carrying capacity of a pile. The load test may be carried out either on a driven pile or cast in situ piles. The test can be made either on a single pile or on a group of piles.   Before finalizing the design, load tests are carried out on piles installed for the purpose on the site. These are called initial load tests. They are useful in determining the general suitability of the proposed pile foundation, comparing the load capacity obtained from formulae, and for a general check on the piling equipment to be used as well as on soil properties. Purpose of Pile load test is: ·          To determine settlement under working load. ·          To determine ultimate bearing capacity. ·          To ascertain as a proof of acceptability. In general two types of pile lo...