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TU IOE 1ST SEM MATHEMATICS SOLUTION

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c program to display Nepals flag

/*Programme to display Nepali flag*/ # include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> void main() { int i,j; for(i=1;i<=20;i++) { if(i<=8) { for(j=1;j<=8;j++) { if(j==1||i==j&&i<8) printf("* "); else if(i==8&&j>=3) printf("* "); else printf(" "); } } else if(i>8&&i<=12) { for(j=1;j<=7;j++) { if(i==12||j==1||i-j==5) printf("* "); else printf(" "); } } else if(i>12) printf("* "); printf("\n\n\n"); } }
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Short Note on Group Action of PIles

  Group Action of Piles: Piles are always used in groups. This is to ensure that the structural load from a member like a column or a wall lies within the zone of influence of foundation. If single driven pile is used as foundation, one cannot be certain that pile would be located centrally below the foundation element as quite often pile moves laterally during driving. Resultant eccentricity of loading may result in development of bending stress and pile may fail. So, minimum number of three pile is used under a column. The load is transferred to pile in group through a reinforced slab or beam called pile cap. When pile cap stand clearly above the ground level the pile group is called free standing pile group. The pile spacing mainly controls the behavior of pile groups. The spacing should not be too small so that upheaval of ground surface takes place during driving into dense or incompressible material. On the other hand, if spacing is too large uneconomic pile cap may...
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Explain How the load carrying capacity of group of piles in clay is determined by “Block Failure Method”?

When piles are spaced at closer intervals, the soil contained between the pile move downward with the piles and at failure, pile and soil move together to give a typical block failure. Normally this type of failure occurs when the piles are spaced less than 2 to 3 times the pile diameter. For wide spacing pile in the group fails individually. In the absence of negative skin friction, the group capacity in clay is usually governed by the sum of the single pile capacities with some reduction due to overlapping zones of shear deformation in the surrounding soil. The following are design recommendations for estimating group capacity in clay: ·          For pile groups driven in clays with undrained shear strengths of less than 2,000 psf and for spacings of three times the average pile diameter, the group efficiency can be taken to be equal to seventy percent (70%). If the spacing is greater than six times the average pile diameter, then a ...
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